-term for, in contrast to sister republics, in need of tutelage
Formosan Republic
-After Sino-French War, reluctance to make a new colony led to establishment of Formosan Republic, a thinly-veiled colony with French guns pointed at its Consuls
-along with British Isles influence, it being useful as link b/w Penang and Chusan
-Later won true independence in treaty removing French army and navy
-Large Javanese minority as they were brought as coolies
-Chinese, French, Javanese co-official
Philippine Republic
-independence from Spain which France intervened in favor of in 1887, gets Zamboanga in return
-Also prohibited from conquering maguindanao (which includes davao) and sulu sultanates which are brought into French influence